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In a few years rates are increased from 2221 points Friday against an earlier history of 11As you can see we are open to partnershipsThe unsuccessful will be many including in the ranks of the French banksPas question to darken our future by giving the IMF saidDesign agencies themselves integrate these methodsProbably another arm of railway rates and discountsPractically everything will be settled yearOur customer is moderated by a need to goThe lines are moving in the ranks of the majorityThe Ministry of research and the industry have launched since a few days a new reflection on the strategy of the France in energy. After the Chambolle report report Gagnepain, commission, Lauvergeon, Syrota commission, is it a new exhibit of the Museum of Théodule committees Not so sure.
120 Pages, the first version of the report provides a comprehensive inventory of the forces and issues. At the time when the Department of Energy (DoE) us gives a new blow of accelerator to research (read box), French researchers hope a startle. "It is the first time that I see a written note which seeks to give a perspective to the R & D." "A national vision is emerging," welcomes Jean-Bernard Saulnier, responsible for mission energy to the CNRS.
Before the presidential election, the departments concerned are finalizing a more detailed report on the French assets to develop, delays to fill or to abandon tracks. Some manufacturers already pose a strategic question: the systematic shift of the calendar of the fuel cell means to accelerate research or must reduce the wing for the outbreak announced "hydrogen bubble"
The discussion promises to be tough, there are in France as many strategies as actors. At the time, the country barely take directions: "everyone is everything," summarizes a researcher. This observation is true for example on bioenergy. The United States have decided to put all their funding in the biological sector. Indeed, "Thermo-chemical track has not sufficient yields", sweeping Raymond Orbach, Assistant to the U.S. DoE science. The France, she continues to clear both options at great expense. Fermentation technology is encouraged by the agricultural world, Inra in mind. The other by the world oil and nuclear, taken mostly by the IFP and the CEA.
Finally, even the National Research Agency (ANR), which organize many initiatives, helped the ambient disorder. Before its creation, the Ademe was known to organize research on new energy technologies. Today, they have been taken by the ECA that animates the Committee honours the ANR. This recovery in hand made chat. Described as "Commissioner of alternative energies", nuclear agency is charged to get its hands on all sectors: hydrogen, photovoltaic, biomass. The more conciliatory believe that this is a natural bent of the Commissioner to include the wings, strategy which led to numerous successes in biology, for example. For Yves Bamberger, the influence of the ECA on the programming of the NRO is a too.
He said, the Agency too focused on certain subjects such as hydrogen, ignoring more glaring priorities in the image of the energy storage. Gold battery technology would help to smooth consumption peaks. Other approaches are possible, such as flywheels with inertia. Some researchers also deplore that ANR has his youth to excuse, went next to some emerging issues such as the energy of the waves. Britain, which has the best potential coastal France, is shown to be more proactive on this subject.
Jean-Bernard Saulnier believes that the lack of coordination and cockpit moved the French side on clean coal technologies. Four years ago, he had alerted the laboratories concerned on the renewed global interest in this area, without success and EDF. Today, the electrician reopens slices of thermal power plants and is seriously considering rebuild factories coal.
CNRS more upstream
Critics eventually wear. Philippe Freyssinet, head of the sustainable energy of the ANR pane, promises to include these themes next year. Ademe example prepares a four-year program on geothermal energy that place to ANR. It benefits, it is true, a consistency of view of his supporters. In addition to the Ademe, the mining BRGM and EDF support some ongoing initiatives such as the experimentation of Soultz-sous-Forêt or Caribbean deposits.
Other signs that things are going in the right direction. The CNRS has developed the order in its programming. Jean-Bernard Saulnier explains that CNRS refocused his energy on the themes programme since 2000 the most upstream. Its teams have had to abandon the projects on the wind and marine energy, which are the responsibility of a body of applied research. For its new programming, the centre will however focus on leading-edge technology of the thermal power.
In photovoltaics, the creation of the Institute Ines in Chambéry to give a critical size to French research on the silicon die. Other laboratories, time perceived as unnecessary competition focused on additional tracks. The centre Irdep of EDF and the CNRS in Chatou set copper-iridium-selenium technology to reduce costs in half in 5-10 years. Strasbourg, researchers are also working on silicon, "should be retained in the competition", prevents Olivier Kerrec of the Iredp.
